Biodegradable/Bio-plastics: Myths and Realities

The rapid growth of the plastics industry has led to a significant increase in plastic waste, causing serious environmental issues. In response, there has been a shift towards bioplastics as an alternative to synthetic plastics. However, the terminology surrounding bioplastics is confusing, and the public lacks reliable information about their true biodegradability and compostability, resulting in the rise of "greenwashing" practices. 

This review article examines the world of biodegradable/bioplastics, including major players, production capacities, and current status. It discusses commercial biopolymers available in the market, along with technologies such as enzyme-based and oxo-degradable technologies. The article also addresses issues with these technologies and provides an overview of standards, test methods, and specifications for biodegradable plastics. It highlights the limitations of existing standards and the need for changes, while discussing the myths, realities, challenges, and expectations associated with biodegradable/bioplastics in the real world.