Waste to Bioplastics: How Close Are We to Sustainable PHA Production?

The document is a detailed guide addressing the severe impact of sediment runoff from dirt roads in Maui on watersheds and coral reefs.

It underscores the critical need to reduce sediment transport, which poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and coral reefs, essential for food, storm protection, and livelihoods. Sedimentation, exacerbated by rainwater carrying pollutants into streams and the ocean, has caused severe degradation of coral cover in West Maui, reducing it from 30% to 10% in just 15 years.

The guide highlights the significant role dirt roads play in sediment pollution, with erosion rates increasing up to 200 times compared to natural conditions. To combat this, the document outlines practical measures for reducing sediment runoff, such as installing water bars, rolling dips, and vetiver sediment traps. Vetiver grass, known for its deep roots and erosion control capabilities, is particularly emphasized for its effectiveness in slowing runoff, trapping sediments, and preparing soil for the introduction of native vegetation. These practices not only reduce sediment transport but also restore degraded landscapes and foster sustainable land management.

Also, the guide promotes transitioning from temporary measures such as vetiver grass to long-term restoration using native plants. Native species not only stabilize sediment but also enhance ecosystem resilience, reduce maintenance needs, and support biodiversity. Regular maintenance is also stressed, with recommendations to assess and address sediment buildup, replace vegetation, and reseed exposed soils.

By implementing these strategies, sediment transport to the ocean could be reduced by 43%, providing substantial benefits to Maui’s marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This guide serves as a vital resource for land managers and road maintenance crews committed to balancing infrastructure needs with environmental preservation.